Water-diverting windshield wiper blades

ABSTRACT

A wiper ( 22, 960 ) has a length (L) which is divided into a distal segment (D), a middle segment (M) and a proximal segment (P). Wiper ( 22 ) has first and second wiper blades ( 26, 28 ), defining therebetween a channel ( 30 ); wiper ( 960 ) has a longitudinal enclosed tubular channel ( 964 ) formed in central portion ( 962 ). One or both of the blades ( 26, 28 ), or at least one side of central portion ( 962 ), have one-way water-passage formations thereon along the middle segment (M) of the length (L) thereof. Such formations, e.g., notches (34, 36,  986   a,    986   b ), are dimensioned and configured to permit passage of water therethrough to the channel ( 30, 964 ) when the wiper ( 22, 960 ) is moving in a first direction, and to prevent passage of water therethrough when the wiper ( 22, 960 ) is moving in a second direction opposite to the first direction. A method of wiping a surface (S) includes controlled entry of water into the channel ( 30 ) and expulsion of water from the distal end ( 42 ) of the channel, assisted by a Venturi Effect and centrifugal force.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 10/635,853, filed Aug. 5, 2003 in the name of Albert J. James and entitled “Water-Diverting Windshield Wiper Blades”, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,007,340, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 09/714,880, filed Nov. 16, 2000, in the name of Albert J. James and entitled “Water-Diverting Windshield Wiper Blades”, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,618,895, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 09/631,071, filed Aug. 2, 2000, in the name of Albert J. James and entitled “Water-Diverting Windshield Wiper and Method of Use”, which has been abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates generally to reciprocating wipers, e.g., windshield wipers, and, specifically, to windshield wipers having a central portion through which there extends a longitudinal channel which may be tubular or may be defined by two or more blades, the central portion, e.g., the blades, having therein formations which permit flow of liquid, e.g., water, through the central portion and into the longitudinal channel in one direction of movement of the wiper, but not in the other.

2. Related Art

Known wipers usually comprise one or more resilient rubber blades mounted on an arm which reciprocatingly sweeps the blades sideways across the surface of a window, vehicle windshield, headlight lens or other structure. As the blades move across the surface, they push water or other liquids on the surface sideways until the arm reaches the limit of its travel, discharging an accumulation of water at the point where the arm stops and reverses its motion. The result is a fan-shaped cleared arc on the surface which is swept clear of water, at least temporarily. In a typical vehicle or aircraft windshield arrangement, there are two reciprocating windshield wiper assemblies, one for the driver or pilot and one for the passenger or co-pilot. One difficulty with this arrangement is that each reciprocating wiper assembly at the “inside” end of its travel path pushes some or all of the water it has cleared into the cleared arc of the adjacent wiper assembly. (The “inside” end of the travel path of the wiper assembly is the end of its travel which is adjacent to or overlaps the cleared area of the adjacent wiper assembly.) The accumulated water pushed into the cleared arc of the adjacent assembly reduces visibility through a windshield or the like and, especially on the driver's or pilot's side, presents a hazard. Removal of the accumulated, pushed water from the windshield is accomplished only when the accumulated water runs off the bottom and sides of the windshield or, in moving vehicles, is pushed off the upper edge of the windshield by aerodynamic pressure. The consequent reduction in visibility can be significant, especially in very heavy downpours of rain.

It is well known in the art to provide two or more parallel wiper blades on a single wiper arm to increase the efficiency of the wiping action, as shown by the following patents.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,168,595, issued to James L. Naylor, Jr. on Dec. 8, 1992 and entitled “Windshield Wiper Blade and Assembly”, discloses one such system. A single wiper arm assembly 20 (shown in FIGS. 1 through 7) has an elongated blade carrier assembly 36 pivotally mounted to the arm 24, and first and second blades 26 and 27 mounted on the blade carrier assembly 36.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,745,653, issued to Bedrich V. Bliznak on May 24, 1988 and entitled “Wiper/Scraper/Washer Blade for Windows on Transportation Means”, discloses a multiple-edged blade 1 (shown in FIG. 1) having two blades of different cross sections in contact with the surface to be cleaned, the smooth blades having a serrated appearance in cross-sectional view.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,567,621, issued to Robert L. Alley, Jr. on Feb. 4, 1986 and entitled “Composite Windshield Wiper Assembly”, discloses a wiper blade assembly A (shown in FIG. 1) having a pair of spaced wiper blade elements 42, 44 having thin resilient wiping edges 42a, 44a. A scrubbing block 50 occupies the entire space between the wiping blade elements and protrudes at 52 past the wiping edges 42a, 44a.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,339,839, issued to Robert E. Knights on Jul. 20, 1982 and entitled “Windscreen Wipers”, discloses (see FIG. 1) a windscreen wiper having a pair of spaced parallel wiping lips 22 bounding a space 28 in which is a bristle 32.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,916,473, issued to Zelmer L. Williams on Nov. 4, 1975 and entitled “Wiper for Windshields”, discloses (see FIG. 6) a single longitudinal blade 38 provided with a longitudinal groove 40 running substantially the length of the blade 38. An aperture 42 in the blade base 36 permits feed of a fluid, such as windshield washer fluid, to the groove 40, from whence it flows to the windshield via passages 72 which run from the base 36 of the blade to the windshield.

U.S. Pat. No. 1,441,593, issued to Harry L. Lavietes on Jan. 9, 1923 and entitled “Windshield Cleaner”, discloses a windshield wiper (see FIG. 1) having multiple strips 16 held in a pair of longitudinal grooves 15.

U.S. Pat. No. 1,370,910, issued to Julius Pederson on Mar. 8, 1921 and entitled “Windshield Cleaner”, discloses in FIG. 1 a windshield cleaner having wiper strips 11 held in channels 16 of wiper bar 10.

French Patent 2,373,426 issued to Heuliez, discloses in FIG. 4 dual-blade windshield wipers designed to move horizontally across a windshield in linear, parallel movement.

Jamak sales brochure TRIPLEDGE™ shows a multiple-edge blade having a longitudinal, enclosed tubular channel extending through the central portion thereof.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Generally, the present invention provides a wiper, e.g., a windshield wiper, comprising a central portion defining, at least when the wiper is in use, a longitudinal channel which is open at its distal end and, preferably, is also open at its proximal end. The channel may be formed between spaced-apart wiper blades or it may be a longitudinal, enclosed tubular channel formed within a central portion of the wiper. The wiper is considered to comprise a middle segment disposed between a proximal segment and a distal segment. The wiper has one or more formations, such as notches, slits or protrusions, disposed along a middle segment of the wiper and excluded from at least the distal segment of the wiper. The formations are configured so that as the wiper is moved in reciprocating fashion across a surface, e.g., across the surface of a windshield, water (or other liquid) on the surface passes through the formations and into the channel when the wiper is moving in one direction, so that the water or other liquid may flow through the longitudinal channel and be discharged at one or both ends of the wiper. When, however, the wiper is moving in the opposite direction, the water or other liquid does not pass through the formations, and is thereby wiped by the wiper. The discharge of the water or other liquid from the distal end of the longitudinal channel is believed to be facilitated by a combination of Venturi and centrifugal force effects, because the distal end of the wiper is moving faster than the proximal end through the typical arc-shaped travel path of the wiper. At least the distal and, preferably, both the proximal and distal, segments of the wiper are left free of formations which would permit water or other liquid to flow through the blade, because it has been found that the efficiency of liquid removal by the wiper is increased by doing so.

The present invention thus provides a wiper, such as a dual or multi-blade wiper for a windshield wiper assembly or the like which provides liquid, e.g., water, passage formations for controlled passage of water through the wiper, e.g., through at least one of the blades, and into the longitudinal channel when the wiper moves in one direction but not when the wiper moves in the opposite direction. If the formations are provided on both sides of the wiper, e.g., on both blades of a dual-blade wiper, or on both sides of an enclosed tubular channel wiper, the formations are dimensioned and configured so that water passes into and through the channel at the leading side of the wiper, but cannot pass through the formations and out of the channel at the trailing side of the wiper. In this fashion, water is trapped within the channel and expelled from an open end of the channel. (In all cases, “leading” and “trailing” are used relative to the direction of movement of the wiper. Accordingly, the leading and trailing sides cyclically reverse roles as the wiper reciprocates.)

Generally, if only one side of a wiper used in the typical arrangement of a pair of wipers has water-passage formations therein, the side closest to the other wiper of the arrangement, is the side which should have the formations. Thus, if two wiper assemblies are used side-by-side as is the conventional arrangement, and only one of the wiper assemblies is equipped with a wiper in accordance with the present invention, the wiper of the present invention is preferably used as the passenger- or co-pilot-side wiper assembly rather than a driver- or pilot-side assembly. This is because it is more important not to push water into the driver's or pilot's cleared area. Obviously, especially in the case of an aircraft, it is preferable that both side-by-side wiper assemblies be equipped with wipers in accordance with the present invention. Such an arrangement reduces the degree to which water will be deposited by one wiper assembly on the region previously wiped by the adjacent windshield wiper assembly. This is described in more detail below in the description of FIG. 12.

Specifically, in accordance with the present invention there is provided a wiper for wiping liquid from a surface, the wiper having a length L, a proximal segment terminating in a proximal end, a distal segment terminating in a distal end, and a middle segment extending between the proximal and distal segments, each of the segments having a respective length and the length L of the wiper being defined by the sum of the respective lengths of the proximal, middle and distal segments. The wiper comprises the following components. A central portion defines a longitudinal channel, the longitudinal channel being open at least at the distal end of the wiper, and the central portion having therein one or more formations disposed along the middle segment thereof and excluded from the distal segment thereof, which formations are configured: (a) to permit the passage of liquid through the formations into the channel when the wiper moves across such surface in a first direction, and (b) to inhibit passage of liquid through the formations from the channel when the wiper moves across such surface in a second direction opposite to the first direction, and wherein the distal segment is at least about 0.05 L but less than about 0.05 L in length.

One aspect of the present invention provides that when one or more formations are disposed within about less than 0.05 L to about 0.01 L of the distal end, such formations each have a water flow cross-sectional area not greater than that of an equilateral triangle whose sides each measure about ¼ inch or less, e.g., 3/16 inch.

Another aspect provides that a total of not more than four of the formations are disposed within about less than 0.05 L to about 0.01 L of the distal end.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a wiper for wiping liquid from a surface, the wiper having a length L, a proximal segment terminating in a proximal end, a distal segment terminating in a distal end, and a middle segment extending between the proximal and distal segments, each of the segments having a respective length and the length L of the wiper being defined by the sum of the respective lengths of the proximal, middle and distal segments. The wiper comprises the following components. A central portion defines a longitudinal, enclosed tubular channel, the longitudinal channel being open at least at the distal end of the wiper, and the central portion having therein one or more formations disposed along the middle segment thereof and excluded from the distal segment thereof, which formations are located and configured: (a) to permit the passage of liquid through the formations into the channel when the wiper moves across such surface in a first direction, and (b) to inhibit passage of liquid through formations from the channel when the wiper moves across such surface in a second direction opposite to the first direction, and wherein the distal segment is at least about 0.05 L in length.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view, with parts broken away, of a wiper arm assembly including a dual-blade wiper in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the wiper being shown in contact with the exterior surface of a windshield;

FIG. 2 is a transverse cross-sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG. 1;

FIG. 2A is a partial view of the lowermost portion of the wiper of FIG. 2;

FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the wiper of FIG. 1, with an intermediate portion thereof broken away, as viewed from the interior of the windshield of FIG. 1 but with the wiper in motion to illustrate water flowing through the leading blade into and through the channel formed between the two blades;

FIG. 4 is a transverse cross-sectional view, corresponding to that of FIG. 2, but with parts omitted to show only the wiper in motion to illustrate the flow of water through the leading blade and into the channel formed between the blades;

FIG. 5 is a transverse cross-sectional view, corresponding to that of FIG. 4, of a wiper in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the wiper of FIG. 5, with an intermediate portion thereof broken away, viewed from the interior of the windshield of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a view corresponding to that of FIG. 5 but showing the wiper in motion to illustrate the flow of water through the first blade and into the channel defined between the blades;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a wiper comprising a third embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9A is a bottom view, corresponding to that of FIG. 6, but showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9B is a bottom view, corresponding to that of FIG. 6, but showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a bottom view, corresponding to that of FIG. 9A, but showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10A is a schematic view corresponding to FIG. 10, but showing the wiper in motion to illustrate the flow of water through the leading blade and into and through the channel defined between the blades;

FIG. 11 is a transverse cross-sectional view corresponding to that of FIG. 5 but showing a sixth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic rendition of a windshield having a pair of wiper arm assemblies for moving a pair of wipers across the windshield, as viewed from the interior of the vehicle on which the windshield is mounted;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view corresponding to that of FIG. 10 but showing an eighth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13A is an end view in elevation of the embodiment of FIG. 13;

FIG. 14A is a perspective partial view of a wiper blade having notched edges in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 14B is a perspective view of a segment of the wiper blade of FIG. 14A taken along line B-B thereof;

FIG. 15 illustrates by perspective view another wiper blade having a plurality of angled secondary blades with notched edges in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a dual-wiper bridge arm assembly according to still another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 17 is a partial perspective view, with part broken away, of a wiper in accordance with an enclosed channel embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 17A is an elevation view in cross section taken along line A-A of FIG. 17; and

FIG. 18 is a partial schematic elevation view with a part broken away, of yet another embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS THEREOF

For economy of expression, reference is made below to water as the liquid and to a vehicle windshield as providing the surface which is wiped by the blades of the wiper.

Referring now to FIG. 1, a windshield wiper assembly is generally indicated at 10 and comprises an arm 12, one end of which is mounted on a support head 14, which is a standard item on motor vehicles, and rotates in alternate opposite directions to traverse bridge arm 16 on which is carried a wiper fixture 18. Wiper fixture 18 is carried on bridge arm 16 by a series of clips 20 which retain a wiper 22 which is wiped across the exterior surface S of windshield 32.

Referring now to FIG. 2, wiper 22 has a central portion 24 which is connected by neck 24 a to head 24 b, a first blade 26 and a second blade 28. Neck 24 a is formed by a pair of opposite grooves (unnumbered) within which are received opposite arms 20 a, 20 b of a plurality of clips 20. Clips 20 may be made of any suitable material, such as aluminum, steel or a plastic. In the illustrated embodiment, clips 20, which are formed of steel, and arms 20 a, 20 b thereof, enclose a longitudinally extending steel strip 21 and a longitudinally extending plastic strip 23. Steel strip 21 serves to space apart arms 20 a, 20 b when they are crimped about head 24 b of wiper 22. Referring now to FIGS. 2, 2A, and 3, blades 26 and 28 each have a middle segment M disposed between a proximal segment P and a distal segment D. Blades 26 and 28 are coextensive with each other and define therebetween a channel 30. First blade 26 has a first, exterior side 26 a (FIG. 2) and a second, interior side 26 b (FIG. 2A), the latter forming a sidewall of channel 30. Similarly, second blade 28 has a first, exterior side 28 a (FIG. 2) and a second, interior side 28 b (FIG. 2A), the latter forming the opposite sidewall of channel 30. As best seen in FIG. 2A, first blade 26 has a wiping face 26 c and second blade 28 has a wiping face 28 c. Wiping faces 26 c, 28 c contact surface S of windshield 32 and, when wiper 22 is stationary, lie flat against surface S.

First blade 26 has therein a series of formations comprising, in the illustrated embodiment, a series of notches 34 (FIGS. 2 and 3) spaced apart from each other and extending along middle segment M thereof. Second blade 28 has a corresponding series of formations, comprised of notches 36, formed therein and extending along middle segment M thereof. Notches 34 extend from first, exterior side 26 a of blade 26 but stop short of second, interior side 26 b thereof, leaving an uninterrupted strip of wiping face 26 c extending uninterruptedly along second, interior side 26 b, as best seen in FIG. 3. Similarly, notches 36 extend from exterior side 28 a of second blade 28 but stop short of interior side 28 b thereof to leave an uninterrupted continuous strip of wiping face 28 c extending along interior side 28 b. As best seen in FIG. 2, notches 34 and 36 are cut at an angle to provide a series of openings in, respectively, exterior side 26 a of first blade 26 and in exterior side 28 a of second blade 28.

The intersection of exterior side 26 a and wiping face 26 c provides, as shown in FIG. 2, an exterior edge 38 a whereas the intersection of interior side 26 b with wiping face 26 c defines an interior edge 38 b. Similarly, the intersection of exterior side 28 a of second blade 28 with wiping face 28 c provides a second blade exterior edge 40 a whereas the intersection of interior side 28 b with wiping face 28 c provides a second blade interior edge 40 b.

Referring now to FIG. 4, wiper 22 is shown in motion as will be occasioned by normal reciprocating motion of windshield wiper assembly 10 (FIG. 1) caused by back-and-forth cyclic rotation of support head 14 (FIG. 1). When wiper 22 is moving in the direction indicated by arrow A (leftwardly as viewed in FIG. 4), first blade 26 is the leading blade while second blade 28 is the trailing blade. As first blade 26 (the leading blade) traverses surface S of windshield 32, it tends to bend or flex so that first exterior side 26 a thereof approaches surface S, thus lifting interior edge 38 b away from surface S while leaving exterior edge 38 a in pressure contact with surface S. Thus when water W₁ is encountered, it flows through notches 34 (FIG. 3) and thus through first blade 26 into channel 30 (as shown by arrow F₁), where it accumulates as trapped water W₂ within channel 30. Trapped water W₂ is unable to flow past second blade 28 (the trailing blade) because, as wiper 22 moves in the direction of arrow A, second blade 28 flexes so that continuous interior edge 40 b thereof and/or of wiping face 28 c (FIG. 2A) is in uninterrupted pressure contact with surface S, thus inhibiting or preventing water from flowing under second blade 28. Second blade 28, in its trailing mode, therefore pushes trapped water W₂ as wiper 22 continues in the direction of arrow A.

Referring again to FIG. 3, wiper 22 has a distal end 42 and an opposite, proximal end 44. When wiper 22 is installed upon the windshield wiper of a vehicle such as an automobile, truck, aircraft, train, or boat or other watercraft, the travel path of distal end 42 is at or near the top of the windshield, and the travel path of proximal end 44 is at or near the bottom of the windshield. When wiper 22 is in motion in a reciprocating arc travel path (as illustrated in FIG. 12 and described below), distal end 42 will have a greater velocity than proximal end 44. Therefore, the pressure, P₂, at distal end 42 will be less than the pressure, P₁, at proximal end 44. As a result, when wiper 22 is in motion, the greater pressure P₁ will act to push trapped water W₂ longitudinally along channel 30 toward distal end 42. Trapped water W₂ will accumulate and flow through channel 30 to exit at open distal end 42 thereof, as indicated by arrow F₂. This motion-induced pressure differential is a result of the well-known Venturi Effect. The reciprocating movement of wiper 22 through the arc of a circle is also believed to help expel the water through open distal end 42 by centrifugal force. When the vehicle on which windshield wiper assembly 10 is mounted is traveling forward, the air velocity at the top of assembly 10 is higher than the air velocity at the bottom of assembly 10, therefore, the air flowing across the windshield will also help to extract trapped water W₂ from the open distal end 42 of channel 30, thereby further enhancing the Venturi Effect.

The reason for omitting the water-passage formations from the distal segment D is that entry of water through such formations has been found to diminish or offset the desired Venturi Effect. Without wishing to be bound by any theory, it is believed that entry of the water into the channel via water-passage formations in the distal segment D may cause turbulence or blockage which offsets the smooth “pumping” action of the Venturi Effect in drawing water from along the middle segment M and proximal segment P of the wiper. It is believed to be less important to omit water-passage formations from proximal segment P but, in some cases, it appears to be advantageous to do so. Again, without wishing to be bound by any theory, it may be that elimination or reduction of water-passage formations in proximal segment P may be useful, especially in very heavy rain downpours, in avoiding the introduction of more water into the channel 30 than can be effectively and efficiently disposed of without pushing water into the cleared area of the adjacent wiper assembly.

At the time of filing parent application Ser. No. 10/635,853, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,007,340 the length of the distal segment which must be free of water-passage formations in order to avoid disrupting the ejection of water from the distal end of the wiper was thought to be at least 0.05 L, where L is the longitudinal length of the wiper. Subsequent work showed that water-passage formations could be located within 0.01 L to 0.05 L of the distal end. Such formations are preferably, but not necessarily, limited in number and their cross-sectional area is preferably, but not necessarily, limited in size.

When the direction of motion reverses so that wiper 22 is traveling in the direction opposite to that indicated by the arrow A in FIG. 4, second blade 28 becomes the leading blade and flexes to admit water into channel 30 via notches 36 while first blade 26 becomes the trailing blade and it flexes to push trapped water W₂ as it travels. The two blades 26, 28 thus allow controlled passage of water, i.e., they allow water to pass through the leading blade but not the trailing blade to flow the water on surface S in one direction from outside wiper 22 into channel 30 and to escape from channel 30 only via distal end 42 thereof. Described differently, the notches 34, 36 behave like valves, allowing water to flow alternately through the notches 34, 36, depending on the direction of movement, and into channel 30 when the wiper 22 moves across the surface S. Water is not permitted to flow back out of the notches 34, 36 but only out of channel 30 via distal end 42 thereof.

While first and second wiper blades 26 and 28 are illustrated as being parallel to each other, they may be at a slight angle to one another. First and second wiper blades 26 and 28 are illustrated as being relatively wide, with well-defined wiping faces 26 c and 28 c. However, the present invention is not limited to wide wiper blades having wiping faces, and may be used with narrow wiper blades having only a wiping edge or wiper blades having a triangular or any other suitably shaped cross section.

FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 illustrate another embodiment of the present invention. Wiper 122, having a length L, has a central portion 124, a neck 124 a, a head 124 b, a first blade 126 having an exterior side 126 a and an interior side 126 b, and second blade 128 having an exterior side 128 a and an interior side 128 b. First blade 126 and second blade 128, having a middle segment M disposed between a proximal end segment P and a distal end D, are disposed relative to each other to define a longitudinal channel 130 therebetween. Instead of notches, the formations of first blade 126 comprise protrusions 134 along its middle segment M at the exterior edge 138 a thereof. Second blade 128 likewise has protrusions 136 along its middle segment M at exterior edge 140 a thereof. “At” in this context has its usual meaning of on, near or by, and indicates that the protrusions are sufficiently close to the exterior edges 138 a, 140 a of the blades 126, 128 to contact the windshield 32 when the respective blade is a leading blade, as described below. First blade 126 has a wiping face 126 c and an exterior side 138 a formed at the intersection of wiping face 126 c and exterior side 126 a. First blade 126 further has an interior edge 138 b formed at the intersection of wiping face 126 c and interior side 126 b. Second blade 28 similarly has a wiping face 128 c, which, at its respective intersections with exterior side 128 a and interior side 128 b, forms exterior edge 140 a and interior edge 140 b. When wiper 122 is at rest, wiping faces 126 c and 128 c make contact with, and lie flat against, surface S of windshield 32.

FIG. 7 illustrates wiper 122 in motion in the direction of arrow A. Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, first blade 126 (the leading blade) flexes to bring protrusions 134 thereof to bear on surface S which lifts first, exterior edge 138 a out of contact with surface S. The raising of exterior edge 138 a allows water W₁ to enter channel 130 under first blade 126 via the spaces between protrusions 134 (i.e., to “pass through” the blade), as shown by arrow F₁. Protrusions 136 of second blade 128 (the trailing blade), however, do not contact surface S when wiper 122 is moving in this direction. Instead, second blade 128 flexes so that second, interior edge 140 b contacts surface S so that second blade 128 accumulates trapped water W₂ in channel 130 (i.e., blade 128 “inhibits” water from passing therethrough). Thereafter, trapped water W₂ may flow out of an open distal end 142 (FIG. 6) in the same manner as illustrated in FIG. 3. When the direction of travel of wiper 122 is reversed, the functions of the blades are similarly reversed in the manner described above for the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4. Controlled passage of water is thus achieved in a manner similar to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 through 3.

Blades 126 and 128, like blades 26 and 28, are integrated unitary bodies of a suitable flexible material, such as natural or synthetic rubber or other suitable elastomer, in which the pairs of wiper blades are joined by a central portion 124 formed integrally therewith in a body which has an “up-side down U” cross section. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the wiper blades may also be mechanically mounted side by side in a blade carrier 50 as is known in the art and illustrated in FIG. 8. Wiper 222 has first blade 226 having an exterior side 226 a, interior side 226 b and a wiping face 226 c. Second blade 228 has an exterior side 228 a, an interior side 228 b and a wiping face 228 c. A channel 230 is formed between blades 226 and 228.

In this embodiment, controlled passage of water is achieved using a material having a low coefficient of friction, e.g., a fluoropolymer, such as that available commercially under the trademark TEFLON from E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, of Wilmington, Delaware, or equivalent material. First blade 226 has along a middle segment thereof a layer 46 and second blade 228 has along a middle segment thereof a layer 48 of a material having a coefficient of friction which is significantly lower than that of the remainder of blades 226 and 228. Layers 46 and 48 may be comprised partially or wholly of polytetrafluoroethylene (“PTFE”); accordingly, layers 46 and 48 are referred to below as “PTFE layers” 46, 48, although suitable materials other than PTFE may be employed. The remainder of the blades 226, 228 may be made of any suitable materials, such as any suitable polymeric or elastomeric material. First and second blades 226 and 228 of wiper 222 are held by blade carrier 50. Blade carrier 50 may be made of any suitable material, such as a suitable metal or plastic having sufficient strength for the purpose, and may be manufactured by extrusion, milling or other methods.

The PTFE layers 46 and 48 may be coated onto first and second blades 226, 228 or they may comprise inserts bonded onto the blades as illustrated in FIG. 7, or they may be applied by any other suitable means. PTFE layers 46 and 48 may comprise a larger or smaller portion of the cross section of the blades 226, 228, anything from a thin coating to constituting a majority of thickness of the blades. When the first blade 226 flexes in a first direction, as would be caused by movement of wiper 222 in the direction indicated by arrow A in FIG. 8, the PTFE layer 46 remains in contact with the surface S of windshield 32 and the interior edge 226 b of blade 226 is lifted away from the surface S. Such movement leftward will cause the second blade 228 to flex leftwardly as viewed in FIG. 8, lifting the PTFE layer 48 away from the surface S and having at least the interior edge 240 b of second blade 228 remaining in contact with the surface S. When the wiper moves in the opposite direction, blade 228 flexes in the opposite direction from that shown for blade 128 in FIG. 7, and the situation is reversed, i.e., PTFE layer 48 is brought into contact with surface S and PTFE layer 46 is lifted away from surface S.

Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it is believed that this embodiment may function as a result of the low coefficient of friction of the PTFE layers 46 and 48 and, possibly, the suction exerted on first blade 226 (and the water under it) by low pressure within channel 230 induced by air velocity therethrough. When wiper 222 moves in a first direction across surface S, as indicated by arrow A in FIG. 8, water passes underneath first blade 226 at PTFE layer 46. Water is trapped in channel 230 by the interior edge 240 b (having no PTFE constituent) of the second blade 228. When wiper 222 moves in a second direction opposite to the direction indicated by arrow A, the operation is reversed.

FIG. 9A illustrates a wiper 322 having first blade 326 and second blade 328 defining therebetween a channel 330. First blade 326 has passages 334 extending therethrough. Unlike the embodiments disclosed previously, passages 334 are continuously open to flow of water therethrough as they penetrate first blade 326 and are open to fluid flow, regardless of whether first blade 326 flexes or wiper 322 is moving in the direction of arrow A or in the opposite direction.

When wiper 322 is moving laterally across a surface in the direction shown by arrow A, water will pass through first blade 326 via passages 334 and enter channel 330, where it will be trapped by second blade 328. Such trapped water will be held within channel 330 and be unable to escape through passages 334 because of the motion of wiper 322 in the direction indicated by arrow A and the entrance of additional water through passages 334. As discussed above with reference to other embodiments, the trapped water is discharged from wiper 322 via an open distal end 342 thereof. When wiper 322 is moving in the direction opposite to that indicated by the arrow A, it operates as a conventional wiper because second blade 328 traps and pushes water away without admitting the water into channel 330. This embodiment illustrates that one blade of a dual-blade wiper in accordance with an embodiment of the invention may be a conventional wiper blade 328, i.e., one without water-flow formations therein. In this particular embodiment, having one blade (326) allowing passage of water therethrough and one conventional blade (328) permits passage of water through the leading blade and into the channel 330 when the wiper moves in one direction only.

A further embodiment of the wiper 322 is shown in FIG. 9B. The wiper 322′, shown by bottom view, has a first blade 326′ having an interior side 226 b′. The second blade 328′ has an interior side 228 b′. The interior sides 226 b′ and 228 b′ are not parallel as compared to the embodiment of FIG. 9A but diverge at an angle α so that a proximal end 344′ of the wiper 322′ has an opening 800 that is smaller than an opening 802 in a distal end 342′ of the wiper 322′. As the water enters into the channel 330′, the increasing size of the channel 330′ in the direction of the distal end 342′ will allow additional water to flow out the opening 802 since the movement of the wiper 322′ causes the Venturi (and centrifugal) forces to act in that direction. If a sufficient amount of water is collected in the lower part of the wiper 322′, this will block other water at the top from entering into the channel 330′ through the passages 334′. Having the cross-sectional area of channel 330′ increase in size as sensed moving towards the opening 802 will allow additional water to be removed. The size of the angle α will depend on several factors: the reciprocation speed of the wipers, the location of the passages 334′ along a middle segment of the blades, whether the passages are uniform or varied, the rate of rainfall, the height of the sides 226 b′, 228 b′, and the length L of the wiper 322′.

FIG. 10 illustrates a wiper 422 having first blade 426 and second blade 428 defining a channel 430 therebetween. First blade 426 has angled slits 52 a, 52 b formed therein across a wiping face 426 c thereof, and second blade 428 has angled slits 54 a, 54 b formed therein across a wiping face 428 c thereof. The slits are of a height less than the height of the blades 426 and 428. The angled slits are arranged in pairs; each pair of angled slits 52 a, 52 b is arranged so as to be closer together at exterior side 426 a and further apart at interior side 426 b of first blade 426, so that each pair of angled slits 52 a, 52 b defines therebetween a wedge-shaped flap member 56 in first blade 426. Angled slits 54 a, 54 b of second blade 428 provide similar wedge-shaped flap members 58 which are wider at interior edge 428 b than at exterior edge 428 a. Wedge-shaped flap members 56 and 58 are connected to their respective blades 426, 428 at the upper ends of, respectively, slits 52 a, 52 b and 54 a, 54 b. (The upper ends of the slits are the ends remote from wiping faces 426 c, 428 c.)

When wiper 422 moves across a windshield surface or the like in the direction indicated by arrow A, blade 426 flexes in that flap members 56 are pushed away from blade 426 by frictional forces engendered by contact with the windshield, thus opening or widening angled slits 52 a, 52 b and allowing water to enter channel 430, as shown by arrows F₁ in FIG. 10A. (The schematic rendition of FIG. 10A is equivalent to a longitudinal cross-sectional view taken below the full height of slits 52 a, 52 b, and 54 a, 54 b so that the material connecting wedge-shaped flap members 56 to first blade 426 is not visible.) The slits are high enough, i.e., extend far enough away from the wiping faces 426 c, 428 c to permit the illustrated shifting of flap members 56 (FIG. 10A) and similar shifting of flap members 58 when wiper 422 moves across the windshield in the direction opposite to that indicated by the arrow A in FIG. 10. As to flap members 58 of second blade 428, the frictional forces engendered by motion of wiper 422 in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 10 press flap members 58 firmly against blade 428 thereby closing angled slits 54 a, 54 b of second blade 428. Thus, water is trapped by second blade 428 within channel 430 (FIG. 10), and wiper 422 functions as described previously in connection with the other embodiments to divert water from the windshield and discharge it via a distal end 442 (FIG. 10) of wiper 422. When wiper 422 moves in the direction opposite to that indicated by arrow A, flap members 56 are closed and flap members 58 are opened, and water flow passes through second blade 428 into channel 430.

In FIG. 11, wiper 522 has first blade 526 and a second blade 528 defining therebetween a channel 530. First blade 526 has an exterior edge 538 a and an interior edge 538 b; second blade 528 has an exterior edge 540 a and an interior edge 540 b. Water-flow formations 534 on first blade 526 and formations 536 on second blade 528 comprise apertures or holes rather than notches but otherwise function identically to the notches of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 through 3 to control water passing through the blade. When moving in the direction indicated by the arrow A the flexing of the blade 526 will bring the angled passages 534 closer to the surface S of windshield 32 thereby permitting water on the surface S to flow through the passages 534 into channel 530 for discharge from an open distal end (not shown in FIG. 11) of the channel. Flexing of the trailing second blade 528 will keep the interior edge 540 b of second blade 528 in contact with the surface S and prevent the flow of water therethrough. When wiper 522 moves in the direction opposite from that indicated by the arrow A, the reverse water flow will occur in a manner similar to that described above with respect to the other embodiments.

Referring now to FIG. 12, there is shown a windshield 132 of a vehicle as viewed from the interior of the vehicle so that windshield wiper assembly 110 is on the driver's side (of a U.S.-style left hand steering wheel vehicle) or the pilot's side, and windshield wiper assembly 210 is on the passenger's or co-pilot's side. Windshield 132 has opposite side edges 132 a, 132 b. Windshield wiper assembly 110 is driven by support head 114 and windshield wiper assembly 210 is driven by support head 214. As is conventional, windshield wiper assemblies 110 and 210 reciprocate in the direction indicated by the double-headed arrows to generate arc-shaped respective cleared areas 60, 62. In a preferred arrangement, windshield wiper assemblies 110 and 210 will utilize respective wipers 22 a and 22 b which are of dual-blade construction and have therein formations as described above, e.g., in connection with the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4, so that the deposit of displaced water by wiper 22 a into the cleared area 62 of windshield wiper assembly 210 is eliminated or at least significantly reduced, and the deposit of displaced water into the cleared area 60 of windshield wiper assembly 110 is similarly eliminated or at least significantly reduced. Conventional windshield wipers would deposit water into the cleared areas 60, 62 of the other wiper assembly as indicated by the arrows Wc in FIG. 12. The windshield wipers would thus be working against each other. If both wipers 22 a and 22 b are wipers in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, water will be discharged from the distal end of the channels (not shown in FIG. 12) of wipers 22 a and 22 b as indicated by the arrows Wd and will be discharged to the left and right of windshield 132 as indicated by the arrows Wr.

In the arrangement of FIG. 12, in order to reduce or eliminate water being pushed by wiper assembly 210 in the direction shown by arrows Wc onto the driver's cleared area 60, the water passage formations should be formed in at least the middle segment of the inside blade I₂ of wiper assembly 210. In order to reduce or eliminate pushing water in the direction of arrows Wc into cleared area 62 on the passenger side, water-passage formations should be formed in at least the middle segment of the inside blade I₁ of wiper assembly 110. The inside blades I₁ and I₂ which are defined as the “first” blades in claims which define first and second blades of the wiper of the present invention.

For practices of the invention therefore, the water-passage formations need be supplied only on the inside blades and only on the passenger or co-pilot wiper assemblies. However, it is convenient to provide the water-passage formations in both blades in order to simplify installation and to avoid the need for keeping in stock differently configured wiper assemblies. It is also desirable to provide the water-passage formations at least in the inside blade of the driver or pilot wiper assembly, in order to enhance the visibility through the windshield of the passenger or co-pilot.

Referring now to FIGS. 13 and 13A, there is shown a three-blade embodiment of the present invention. A wiper 722 has a central portion 724, a neck 724 a and a head 724 b. As best seen in FIG. 13, first blade 726 has a series of notches 734 formed along its middle segment at the exterior edge 738 a thereof and second blade 728 has a series of notches 736 formed along its middle segment at the exterior edge 740 a thereof. First blade 726 and second blade 728 form therebetween a channel 730. An intermediate blade 27 is disposed between, spaced from, and substantially parallel to first blade 726 and second blade 728. First blade 726, second blade 728 and intermediate blade 27 have respective wiping faces 726 c, 728 c and 27 c. Notches 734 and 736 extend into, respectively, wiping faces 726 c and 728 c, as in the embodiment of FIGS. 2, 2A, 3 and 4. Intermediate blade 27 divides channel 730 into a first course 30 a and a second course 30 b, courses 30 a and 30 b being disposed substantially parallel to each other. The operation of wiper 722 is substantially similar to that described above in connection with the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 2, 2A, 3 and 4, except that water which flows through passages 734 is constrained to flow only through course 30 a. This is because, in the illustrated embodiment, intermediate blade 27 has no formations formed therein to permit the passage of water therethrough. Consequently, wiping face 27 c will remain pressed against the water-containing surface and will therefore constrain water admitted into course 30 a to flow therein, to exit from a top end (not shown). Water which passes through perforations 736 is similarly constrained by intermediate blade 27 to flow through course 30 b of channel 730.

FIG. 14A provides a perspective view, and FIG. 14B a perspective view with part removed, of a known BOSCH Micro Edge® wiper, model 40718A, modified in accordance with the present invention by the addition of a plurality of notches 806, 834 (FIG. 14B) to provide a wiper 804 according to another embodiment of the present invention. The wiper 804 has a single primary blade 808 of generally triangular cross-sectional shape. Primary blade 808 terminates in a wiping face 809 and has a first pair of narrow secondary blades 810 respectively extending from opposite sides of primary blade 808. Secondary blades 810 are positioned sufficiently close to wiping face 809 to bring one of the first pair of secondary blades 810 into, or nearly into, contact with the windshield as blade 808 flexes during its passage over the windshield. First pair of secondary blades 810 is essentially perpendicular to a vertical centerline 812 of the cross section of the wiper 804. Directly above the first pair of secondary blades 810 is a first neck 814 which is narrower than the top of primary blade 808, as best seen in FIG. 14B. Wiper 804 further comprises a second pair of secondary blades 824 which also are essentially perpendicular to vertical centerline 812 and provide additional lateral wiping edges 818. The second pair of secondary blades 824 is of substantially greater width than the first pair of secondary blades 810. A pair of first channels 815 (FIGS. 14A and 14B) are formed between the first pair of secondary blades 810 and the second pair of secondary blades 824.

The lower support deck 822 is connected by a third neck 826 to an upper support deck 828 to form a first pair of channels (unnumbered) between decks 822 and 828, into which channels metal support rails 832 are inserted on both sides of the third neck 826. Neck 820 separates lower support deck 822 from the second pair of secondary blades 824 to define therebetween a second pair of channels 825 (FIG. 14A) into which blade-holding clips, not shown, of a wiper arm, not shown, are positioned. The arrangement of such wiper arm and clips would be generally similar to that of wiper arm 12, bridge arm 16 and clips 20 of FIG. 1. Channel 825 also provides a longitudinal conduit for the diversion of water. The support rails 832 provide substantial rigidity to the wiper 804 in the direction perpendicular to the vertical line 812 and are also firmly held in place by the wiper arm clips, not shown.

The notches 806, 834 or other equivalent formations provided in this embodiment, have the same placement and function as the notches or other formations described in connection with the other embodiments of the invention. Thus, the notches or other formations are present in the middle segment of the blade and excluded from the distal segment and, preferably, excluded from a proximal segment as well.

Referring to FIG. 14B, notch 834 is typical of a series of such notches (not shown) formed at the secondary blades 810 and into a sidewall of the blade 808. Optionally, notches such as notch 834 may be on one or both sides of wiper 804 and have a variety of spacing patterns along the wiper, consistent with the above-described requirements for placement of the notches (or other water-passage formations) in a middle segment of the blade, and exclusion of the notches from at least the distal segment of the blade. As seen in FIG. 14A, a typical notch 806 of a series of such notches is made in the lateral wiping edges 818 of one or both of the second pair of secondary blades 824. Notches such as notch 806 (or other water-passage formations) may also be formed in one or both of the first pair of secondary blades 810 (FIG. 14B). The notches need not be triangular-shaped as shown, but may be of any suitable shape such as half circles, rectangles, etc. Neck 814 provides a channel 815 between secondary blades 810 and 824 through which the water flows along the length of wiper 804 as it moves. A second neck 820 connects the water-diverting lateral edges 818 to the mounting portion 821 of the wiper. Mounting portion 821 comprises lower support deck 822, upper support deck 828 and support rails 832.

In use, the leading one of the first pair of secondary blades 810 will, because of flexing of blade 808, make contact with, or be nearly in contact with, the surface of the windshield when the wiper 804 moves in one direction, to effectively form a longitudinal channel between primary blade 808 and the leading one of the first pair of secondary blades 810. When the wiper 804 moves in the opposite direction, the other one of the first pair of secondary blades 810 is the leading one and will make contact with, or nearly be in contact with, the surface of the windshield to similarly effectively form a longitudinal channel between primary blade 808 and the leading one of the first pair of secondary blades 810. Frictional engagement of wiping face 809 with the surface of the windshield will tend to flex the primary blade 808 and leading secondary blade in one direction or the other, depending upon the direction of travel of the wiper.

In operation, wiping face 809 is in contact with the windshield regardless in which of the two directions of movement the wiper 804 is moving. Wiping face 809 is thus direction-independent in use. Neck 814 is thin enough to allow blade 808 to flex from the vertical line 812 as wiper 804 is drawn across the windshield in a given direction and, when it so flexes, the leading one of first pair of secondary blades 810 contacts or nearly contacts the windshield, as does wiping face 809. When primary blade 808 is thus flexed, a lateral wiping edge of the leading one of the second pair of secondary blades 824 may also contact the windshield, or may be positioned close enough to the windshield to be able to move water even without contact with the windshield. When wiper 804 moves in the opposite direction, the other one of the first pair of secondary blades 810 and the other one of the second pair of secondary blades 818 touch or approach the windshield closely enough to move water across it.

Notches 806 and/or 834 increase the removal rate of water by providing access to channels 815 and 825, along which the water may flow towards one end of the blade or the other as the wiper moves across a windshield so that the water can be expelled from the end of the wiper.

Referring to FIG. 15, a multi-blade wiper 840 in accordance with the present invention is shown. Wiper 840 is a modification of a known wiper sold under the trademark “MAGIC WIPER”™ by the Magic Wiper Company. The modification to provide an embodiment of the present invention is that a series of water-passage formations are formed in one or more of the blades. The placement of these water-passage formations, e.g., notches, is as described above, i.e., the notches (or equivalent water-passage formations) are positioned in the middle segment of the blade. At least the distal segment, and preferably both the distal and proximal segments of the blade, is free of such notches or other water-passage formations. Wiper 840 comprises a primary blade 842 which is vertically oriented and serves to trap most of the water as it moves across the windshield surface. Line 846 is a vertical centerline of the cross-section of wiper 840. Secondary blades 844 provide additional lateral wiping edges 848 and are angled from the vertical line 846 from about 30° to less than 90°, and have a length such that at least one lateral wiping edge 848 will contact the windshield when the primary blade 842 flexes away from the vertical, in the direction opposite the direction of movement of multi-blade wiper 840. A series of notches similar to illustrated notch 858 is formed in one or more of blades 844. This flexing is further aided by having a base area 850 of wiper 840 connected to an upper area 852 by means of a thin, flexible neck 854. Water-diverting lips 849 are located directly above the secondary blades 844. A head 860, which runs the full length of the wiper 840, is enclosed in a housing or blade carrier, not shown, and this provides the necessary rigidity to mount blade 840 to a wiper arm, not shown. Such housing is configured to receive clips for attachment to a bridge arm like bridge arm 16 of FIG. 1. A series of water-passage formations identical or similar to notch 858 may be placed in one or more of the secondary blades 844 to aid in the water removal as discussed in relation to the above-described embodiments.

Still another embodiment of the invention provides an improvement in a windshield wiper assembly having two separate wiper assemblies carried side by side, preferably on the same bridge arm, providing side-by-side wiper blades, as illustrated in FIG. 16. The improvement is that at least one of the blades is equipped with a series of notches or other water-flow formations configured and placed along the length of the blade as described above with respect to other embodiments of the invention. When such notches or other formations are employed, the windshield wiper assembly of this embodiment is analogous to the embodiment of FIG. 9A. The embodiments of FIG. 16 find special utility when used in combination with a second windshield wiper assembly where the wiping regions of the two overlap (e.g., a driverside assembly and a passenger-side assembly).

A bridge arm assembly illustrating this embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 16. Bridge arm assembly 902 comprises a bridge arm 916 for attachment to a wiper arm such as arm 12 of FIG. 1. Bridge arm assembly 902 carries two wiper assemblies 918 a, 918 b, each mounted on bridge arm 916 by one or more clips 920 a, 920 b. In the illustrated embodiments, wiper assembly 918 a is similar in configuration to wiper assembly 918 b, so they will be described together except to the extent that one differs from the other. Each wiper assembly 918 a, 918 b comprises a wiper 924 a, 924 b having a head 960 a, 960 b formed above a retaining flange 921 a, 921 b. A blade carrier 950 a, 950 b is dimensioned and configured to receive head 960 a, 960 b to provide sufficient rigidity to the wiper assembly and to facilitate attachment to bridge arm 916 via clip 920 a, 920 b and other clips (not shown).

Below retaining flanges 921 a, 921 b, wipers 924 a, 924 b define channels 914 a, 915 a and 914 b, 915 b, beneath which extend the blades 908 a, 908 b having principal edges 909 a, 909 b and lateral edges 910 a, 910 b. Wiper assembly 918 b is positioned substantially parallel to wiper assembly 918 a. When bridge arm assembly 902 is disposed against a windshield, a channel 930 is formed between blades 908 a and 908 b. As previously mentioned, one of blades 908 a and 908 b comprises a plurality of notches to permit water to flow therethrough.

FIG. 16 also shows a containment strip 932 which extends from wiper assembly 918 a to wiper assembly 918 b and which encloses channel 930. Preferably, strip 932 resides in a region in which blade 908 a or 908 b is provided with water-passage formations, e.g., notches, not shown in FIG. 16. In use, the water-passage formations on the outside blade and strip 932 cooperate to reduce the degree to which bridge arm assembly 902 would work against the wiping function of an adjacent windshield wiper assembly in the region of overlap by depositing water there.

Referring now to FIGS. 17 and 17A, there is shown with part broken away, a wiper 960 having a central portion 962 within which is formed a longitudinal, enclosed tubular channel 964 which, in the illustrated embodiment, is open at both distal end 960 a of wiper 960 and its opposite, proximal end 960 b (FIG. 17A). Central portion 962 has a neck 962 a and a head 962 b which enable the mounting of wiper 960 to a bridge arm in substantially in the manner shown with respect to bridge arm 16 of FIG. 1. Primary blade 968 extends from central portion 962 diametrically opposite from neck 962 a. Primary blade 968 terminates in a wiping face 970 and secondary blades 972 a, 972 b and 974 a, 974 b extend radially outwardly of central portion 962.

The above described structure, less the water passage formations described below, is known in the art. For example, such blades are sold under the trademark TRIPLEDGE™ by Jamak Global Wipers of Weatherford, Tex. In accordance with one embodiment of the pre-sent invention, the otherwise conventional blade of FIGS. 17, 17A is fitted with a plurality of water flow passages 976, 976′ which, in the illustrated embodiment, are triangular in cross section. Such water flow passages extend from the exterior of central portion 962 into longitudinal channel 964 to provide a water flow path between the exterior of wiper 960 and longitudinal channel 964. Passages 976′ (FIG. 17A) corresponding to passages 976 are disposed on the opposite side of central portion 962. Typically, such passages 976′ would be aligned with the passages 976. The passages 976 are aligned along a longitudinal line which is diametrically opposite to the longitudinal line along which passages 976′ are aligned. The loci of, respectively, passages 976, 976′ are along the leading/trailing edges of wiper 960. (As described above with respect to FIG. 12, conventional reciprocating movement of the wiper mounted on a vehicle causes each diametrically opposite side to alternate as the leading edge and trailing edge.)

As shown in FIG. 17A, the length L of wiper 960 is comprised of longitudinal segments, consisting of a distal segment D, a middle segment M and a proximal segment P. Distal segment D is free of water flow passages 976, 976′. The cross-sectional flow area of those of water-flow passages 976 and 976′ which are located within 0.01 L to 0.05 L of distal end 976 are limited in size and number in order to control the volume of water flow into longitudinal channel 964 adjacent distal end 976 a. This is believed to avoid disrupting the Venturi effect which helps to “pump” water out of channel 964 at the distal end 976 a.

Preferably, the cross-sectional flow area of water-flow passages located within OIL to 0.05 L of distal end 976 a is not greater than that of an equilateral triangle having each side not greater than ¼ inch in length, preferably not greater than 3/16 inch in length. The number of such water flow passages on either side of wiper 960 within 0.01 to 0.05 L of distal end 976 a is limited to limit water flow into the channel adjacent distal end 976 a. Preferably, the number of such water-flow passages on either side of wiper 960 is not greater than three, more preferably not greater than two and may be not greater than one, depending on the flow area of the water-flow passages. The cross-sectional shape of water flow passages need not of course be triangular, but may be any suitable shape including semi-circular, square, rectangular, etc. Reference to an equilateral triangular shape is made simply to define the water-flow area, regardless of the shape of the passages. Further, the water-flow passages may comprise slits or the like, which open by movement of the wiper across the surface being wiped to provide the described cross-sectional water-flow area.

Referring now to FIG. 18, there shown in schematic elevation view a dual blade wiper 980 comprised of spaced apart blades 980 a, 980 b defining between them a longitudinal channel 982. Blade 980 terminates at one end in a distal end 980 c and at its opposite end in a proximal end 980 d. Wiper 980 has an overall length L comprised of longitudinally extending segments consisting of a distal segment D, a middle segment M and a proximal segment P. A neck 984 a terminates in a head 984 b which are similar in construction to neck 962 a and head 962 b of the FIG. 17 embodiment, thereby permitting mounting of wiper 980 to a bridge arm in a manner similar to that illustrated in FIG. 1 with respect to bridge arm 16.

Blade 980 has first passages 986 and second passages 986 b spaced longitudinally along the middle segment M and, optionally, the proximal segment P of wiper 980. The distal segment D of wiper 980 is free of water passage formations. Formations 986 a, which are disposed within 0.05 L to 0.01 L of the distal end 980 c of wiper 980, are controlled in size so as not to disturb the Venturi effect engendered by the wiping motion of blade 980. Thus, passages 986 a have a water flow cross-sectional area not greater than the area of an equilateral triangle having sides each of which measure not more than about ¼ of an inch, preferably, not more than about 3/16 of an inch. Water flow passages such as passage 986 b, which are located farther than 0.05 L from the distal end 980 c, may, if desired, be made with larger cross-sectional flow areas. As noted above, the number of such water flow passages within 0.01 L to 0.05 L of distal end 980 c is limited to control the amount of water entering channel 982 near distal end 980 c. Preferably, not more than three, e.g., two or one (or none) of such passages are disposed within the 0.01 L to 0.05 L segment of the wiper. In all cases, the distal segment D, which is 0.01 L in length, is maintained free of water flow passages so as not to disturb the Venturi effect.

The interior walls forming the channel 982, like the walls of the longitudinal channels of the other embodiments, may be coated or lined with a low friction material such as a TEFLON® coating or lining, in order to facilitate the flow of water through longitudinal channel 982. As used in this context, a low friction material is a material whose coefficient of friction is less than that of the material, such as rubber or silicone, from which the interior walls of the longitudinal channels such as channel 982 are formed.

The configuration, selection, size, orientation, and number of the passages, apertures, slits or other formations may easily be selected to suit the particular working environment. Various combinations of notches, passages, protrusions and flap members may be used on one blade. In addition, the longitudinal channel may be longitudinally segmented into two channels.

While the invention has been described in detail with reference to particular embodiments thereof, it will be apparent that upon a reading and understanding of the foregoing, numerous alterations to the described embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art and it is intended to include such alterations within the scope of the appended claims. 

1. A wiper for wiping liquid from a surface, the wiper having a length L, a proximal segment terminating in a proximal end, a distal segment terminating in a distal end, and a middle segment extending between the proximal and distal segments, each of the segments having a respective length and the length L of the wiper being defined by the sum of the respective lengths of the proximal, middle and distal segments, the wiper comprising: a central portion defining a longitudinal channel, the longitudinal channel being open at least at the distal end of the wiper, and the central portion having therein one or more formations disposed along the middle segment thereof and excluded from the distal segment thereof, which formations are configured: (a) to permit the passage of liquid through the formations into the channel when the wiper moves across such surface in a first direction, and (b) to inhibit passage of such liquid through the formations from the channel when the wiper moves across such surface in a second direction opposite to the first direction, and wherein the distal segment is at least about 0.01 L but less than about 0.05 L in length and wherein the cross-sectional area of the longitudinal channel increases as sensed moving in the direction toward the distal end.
 2. A wiper for wiping liquid from a surface, the wiper having a length L, a proximal segment terminating in a proximal end, a distal segment terminating in a distal end, and a middle segment extending between the proximal and distal segments, each of the segments having a respective length and the length L of the wiper being defined by the sum of the respective lengths of the proximal, middle and distal segments, the wiper comprising: a central portion defining a longitudinal channel, the longitudinal channel being open at least at the distal end of the wiper, and the central portion having therein one or more formations disposed at least along the middle segment thereof, which formations are configured: (a) to permit the passage of liquid from the surface through the formations into the channel when the wiper moves across such surface in a first direction, and (b) to inhibit passage of such liquid through the formations from the channel when the wiper moves across such surface in a second direction opposite to the first direction, and wherein the distal segment is at least about 0.01 L but less than about 0.05 L in length and if one or more formations are disposed within the distal segment, such formations each have a water flow cross-sectional area not greater than that of an equilateral triangle whose sides each measure about ¼ inch and wherein the cross-sectional area of the longitudinal channel increases as sensed moving in the direction toward the distal end.
 3. The wiper of claim 2 wherein not more than four of the formations are disposed within the distal segment.
 4. The wiper of claim 3 wherein such formations have a water flow cross-sectional area not greater than that of an equilateral triangle whose sides each measure about 3/16 inch.
 5. The wiper of any one of claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein the distal segment is from about 0.01 L to about 0.04 L in length.
 6. The wiper of any one of claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein the proximal segment is from about 0.4 to 0.5 L in length and the middle segment is at least about 0.35 L in length.
 7. The wiper of any one of claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein the formations are excluded from the proximal segment.
 8. The wiper of any one of claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein the central portion is comprised of a first blade and a second blade disposed relative to each other to define the longitudinal channel therebetween.
 9. The wiper of any one of claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein the formations are excluded from the proximal segment.
 10. The wiper of any one of claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein the middle segment is at least 0.35 L in length.
 11. The wiper of any one of claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein at least a portion of the longitudinal channel is coated with a low friction material. 